Title case is used to capitalize the following types of titles and headings in APA Style:
SUBTITLES IN APA HOW TO
Below are guidelines for when and how to use each case in an APA Style paper. In both cases, proper nouns and certain other types of words are always capitalized. APA’s title case refers to a capitalization style in which most words are capitalized, and sentence case refers to a capitalization style in which most words are lowercased.
SUBTITLES IN APA MANUAL
I doubt your professor or university will have any either.ĪPA Style has two capitalization methods that are used in different contexts throughout a paper: title case and sentence case (see Publication Manual section 4.15). When in doubt, always check with your professor or university to see if they have their own preferred standards.Īnd, in case you were wondering, APA Style doesn’t have any guidelines concerning bears. Some formatting issues not covered in the Publication Manual will need to be addressed while you’re writing your paper. Therefore, it’s important to consider the final appearance of your paper during the draft stage. For example, a dissertation, once submitted, becomes the final, published version of record. Your paper is considered “final” when you submit it to your professor. If you’re a student, your schoolwork won’t go through this whole process before it’s finalized. There’s no reason to be too concerned about these lonely lines of text during the draft stage if they will be reunited with their lost relatives during typesetting and appear together in the final article. All this rearranging and redesigning means that what were once widows and orphans in a draft manuscript will likely be in completely different places in the final version. And, the tables and figures that appear at the end of the manuscript will be embedded close to their first mention in the text.
Some articles will also be formatted so that the text is split into two columns. The font type and size, the margins, and the line spacing are all typically very different after typesetting. 239–240) briefly addresses an author’s responsibilities during typesetting, which includes sending the manuscript files to the publisher in an acceptable format and double-checking the typeset page proofs for any errors.Īlthough some aspects of a draft manuscript carry over into the typeset version-the reference list follows the same APA Style guidelines, for example-the appearance and composition of the article will change drastically. Although the Publication Manual doesn’t weigh in on these issues, section 8.06 (pp. Publishers generally determine what their articles will look like when they go to print, so they establish their own typesetting standards. They don’t directly address issues that are more relevant to a final article’s appearance and composition, including widows and orphans, which are sorted out during typesetting. This is because the guidelines in the manual were designed with draft journal articles in mind. You may be wondering why the Publication Manual doesn’t discuss widows and orphans. You should therefore ask your professor or dissertation advisor about whether widows and orphans are acceptable. Your professor or a dissertation committee will be the ones evaluating your work, not APA, so their standards supersede those in the Publication Manual. Universities have particularly precise criteria for dissertations and theses that often address widows and orphans-sometimes even specifying the minimum number of lines of text that can appear on the same page as a table. However, if you’re a student writing a class paper or a dissertation, your professor or university may have standards that differ from APA Style. Widows, like orphans, are acceptable in APA Style manuscripts. When the last line of a paragraph appears by itself at the top of the page, typesetters may refer to it as a widow. An orphan can also mean the first line of a paragraph that’s left all alone at the bottom of a page. Lonely headings like these are sometimes called orphans in typesetting. 54–55 in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual the sample papers are also accessible online via our “Best of the APA Style Blog” post). In fact, you can see examples of this at the beginning of Sample Paper 2 (see pp. Yes, in an APA Style manuscript, it’s perfectly fine to have a heading at the bottom of one page with the body of the section starting on the next page. Is it okay for a heading to be alone at the very bottom of a page while the first paragraph of that section begins at the top of the next page? I checked page 62 in the Publication Manual where it talks about levels of heading, but I couldn’t find any answers to this question.
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